Appendix B

Glossary

Acronyms

AAG – Assistant Attorney General

AAMVA – American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

ABA – American Bar Association

ADAM – Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program

APA – American Prosecuting Attorneys, Inc.

APPA – American Probation and Parole Association

ARRA – American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

ASCA – Association of State Court Administrators

ATF – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

ATIX – Automated Trusted Information Exchange

AWA – Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006

BIA – Bureau of Indian Affairs

BOP – Bureau of Prisons

BJA – Bureau of Justice Assistance

BJS – Bureau of Justice Statistics

CASA – Court Appointed Special Advocate

CASOM – Comprehensive Approaches to Sex Offender Management

CBP – Capacity Building Program

CCLI – Capital Case Litigation Initiative

CED – conducted energy device

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations

CODIS – Combined DNA Index Systems

COPS – Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

CCDO – Community Capacity Development Office

CCI – Center for Court Innovation

CCTAP – Criminal Courts Technical Assistance Program

CISA – Criminal Information Sharing Alliance

DCPI – Adult Drug Court Planning Initiative

DHS – Department of Homeland Security

DOJ – Department of Justice

DOL – Department of Labor

DME – digital multimedia evidence

DMI – Drug Market Intervention

DRP – The Data Resources Program

EUDL – Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws

EOUSA – Executive Office of the United States Attorney

FJSP – Federal Justice Statistics Program

FTE – full time equivalent

GAO – Government Accountability Office

GFIPM – Global Federated Identity and Privilege Management

GRF – Graduate Research Fellowship

GREAT – Gang Resistance Education And Training Program

HHS – Department of Health and Human Services

HOPE – Helping Outreach Programs to Expand

HSIN – Homeland Security Information Network

HUD – Department of Housing and Urban Development

IAA – Interagency Agreement

IC3 – Internet Crimes Complaint Center

ICAC – Internet Crimes Against Children

IEPD – Information Exchange Packet Documentation

IHS – Indian Health Service

ISE – information sharing environment

JAG – (Edward Byrne Memorial) Justice Assistance Grant

JIEM – Justice Information Exchange Model

JIS – Justice Information Sharing

JMHCP – Justice and Mental Health Collaboration Program

JNET – Pennsylvania Justice Network

JPCNAA – Justice Programs Council on Native American Affairs

JRA – (Global) Justice Reference Architecture

JRSA – Justice Research and Statistics Association

JTTF – Joint Terrorism Task Forces

LEO – Law Enforcement Online

NACJD – National Archive of Criminal Justice Data

NARIP – National (Instant Criminal Background Check Systems) Act Record Improvement Program

NASCIO – National Association of State Chief Information Officers

NAVAA – National Association of VOCA Assistance Administrators

NBPI – Northern Border Prosecution Initiative

NCHIP – National Criminal History Improvement Program

NCJA – National Criminal Justice Association

NCIRC – National Criminal Intelligence Resource Center

NCMEC – National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

NCRP – National Corrections Reporting Program

NCRW – National Crime Victims’ Rights Week

NCSL – National Conference of State Legislatures

NCVS – National Crime Victimization Survey

NDCI – National Drug Court Institute

NICS – National Instant Criminal Background Check System

NIEM – National Information Exchange Model

NIJ – National Institute of Justice

NJC – National Judicial College

NLECTC – National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center

NMVTIS – National Motor Vehicle Title Information System

NPS – National Prisoner Statistics

NSDUH – National Survey on Drug Use and Health

NSI – National Suspicious Activity Report Initiative

NTTAC – National Training and Technological Assistance Center

OAAG – Office of the Assistant Attorney General

OJP – Office of Justice Programs

OJJDP – Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

ONDCP – Office of National Drug Control Policy

OVC – Office for Victims of Crime

OVW – Office on Violence Against Women

PDMP – prescription drug monitoring program

PSN – Project Safe Neighborhoods

PSOB – Public Safety Officers’ Benefits

RCMN – Rural Court Managers Network

RISS – Regional Information Sharing Systems

RSAT – Residential Substance Abuse Treatment

SAA – State Administering Agency

SAC – State Statistical Analysis Centers

SANE – Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner

SAR – suspicious activity reporting

SART – Sexual Assault Response Team

SAVIN – Statewide Automated Victim Information and Notification

SBU – secure but unclassified

SCAAP – State Criminal Alien Assistance Program

SCO-SSS – State Courthouse Operations and Security Statistics Survey

SDR – Software Defined Radio

SING – Strengthening Initiatives for Native Girls

SJS – State Justice Statistics Program

SLATT – State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training Program

SMART – Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking

SME – subject matter experts

SORNA – Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act

SSCA – Survey of State Court Criminal Appeals

SSV – Survey of Sexual Violence

TDD –telecommunication device for the deaf

TTA – Training and Technical Assistance

USPIS – United States Postal Inspection Service

UCMN – Urban Court Managers Networks

VA – Veterans Administration

VGTOF – Violent Gang Terrorist Offender File

VOCA – Victims of Crime Act

WSIN – Western States Information Network

Definitions:

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: On February 17, 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). The Recovery Act allocates $4 billion to the U.S. Department of Justice for grant funding to enhance state, local, and tribal law enforcement and other criminal and juvenile justice activities that will help to prevent crime and improve the criminal justice system in the United States. While the Recovery Act provides much needed resources for state and local communities, it also supports the creation of jobs. For more information, including a full list of Recovery Act grants, please see www.ojp.usdoj.gov/financialguide/part3/part3chap20.htm.

Appropriation(s): The act of appropriating, setting apart, or assigning funding for a particular use; specifically, an act of a legislature authorizing money to be paid from the treasury for a special use.

Cold case: A crime or accident that has not been solved and is not the subject of current criminal investigation or civil litigation, but for which new information could emerge from new witness testimony, re-examined archives, or retained material evidence.

Competitive grant: A financial award for which a federal agency has the discretionary power to select the recipient from among all eligible recipients; decide to make or not make an award based on the programmatic, technical, or scientific content of an application; and determine the amount of funding to be awarded. (Also known as discretionary grants)

Consortium: An association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources to achieve a common goal.

Co-occurring disorder: A co-occurring disorder, also called a dual diagnosis, occurs when an individual has both mental health and substance abuse treatment needs.

Criminal aliens: Both legal and illegal immigrants who have on at least one occasion become the object of the criminal justice system.

Discretionary grant: A grant awarded directly by OJP to eligible recipients. While discretionary grants are most often awarded on a competitive basis, some grants may be awarded on a noncompetitive basis, often based on congressional direction.

Earmark grant: A grant appropriated by Congress prior to a peer review. The term "earmark" is a reference to the Congressional Record where the awards are written into legislation specifically with the grant applicant’s name, activity, and dollar amounts.

Epidemiological: An epidemiological study is a population study designed to examine associations between personal characteristics.

Evidence-based: Evidence-based practice refers to the use of research and scientific studies as a base for determining the best practices in a field.

Forensic science (forensics): The application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or a civil action.

Formula or block grant: A grant awarded directly by OJP to an eligible recipient as authorized by statute. For formula and/or block grant programs, statutes or appropriations acts specify how the funds will be allocated among the eligible recipients, as well as the method by which an applicant must demonstrate its eligibility for that funding. Examples of this type of grant at OJP are the OJJDP Juvenile Accountability Block Grants Program and the OVC VOCA Victim Compensation Formula Grants. The award amount is calculated by a formula, and may vary among programs. Award calculations may consider such factors as population, census data, juvenile offender population, and Part 1 violent crimes reported to the FBI. Formula grant programs can be either for a specific purpose (e.g., assisting juvenile offenders,) or related to public safety in general. The dollar amount available to applicants under each program is included in the solicitation. The specific recipient for state formula programs should be designated by each state. For state formula programs, OJP maintains a list of the designated agencies authorized by each state to administer the programs.

Fusion center: A terrorism prevention and response center started as a joint project between DHS and OJP between 2003 and 2007. The fusion centers gather information not only from government sources but also from their partners in the private sector. They are designed to promote information sharing at the federal level between agencies such as the CIA, FBI, DOJ, U.S. Military, and state and local level governments.

Geospatial: A term to describe the combination of spatial software and analytical methods with terrestrial or geographic datasets.

Interagency Agreement (IAA): An agreement between two or more state agencies.

Listserv: A type of electronic mailing list, allowing for distribution of e-mail to many subscribers.

Multidisciplinary: The involvement of two or more disciplines or professions in the provision of integrated and coordinated services, including evaluation and assessment activities.

National Information Exchange Model (NIEM): An XML-based information exchange framework from the United States. NIEM represents a collaborative partnership of agencies and organizations across all levels of government (federal, state, tribal, and local) and with private industry.

Noncompetitive grant: A grant that resembles a contract more than a grant. Noncompetitive grants are automatically awarded to institutions that qualify for legally defined formulas. Organizations agree to conduct activities in order to achieve a specific purpose based on an established program. The organization completes forms and assurances to secure funds.

One-stop location: Providing a comprehensive selection of goods or services at a single location.

Recidivism: Relapse into criminal behavior, often after receiving sanctions or undergoing intervention for a previous crime.

Roundtable: A meeting of peers for discussion and exchange of views.

Sexting: (A portmanteau of sex and texting) is the act of sending sexually explicit messages or photos electronically, primarily between cell phones.

Socio-economic: The culmination of social as well as economic factors.

State Administering Agency: Many OJP formula grants are awarded directly to state governments, which then set priorities and allocate funds within that state. For more information on how a state intends to distribute formula grant funds, contact the administering state agency.

Victims of Crime Act: This federal law, passed by Congress in 1984 and amended in 1988, called for the establishment of the Office for Victims of Crime and created the Crime Victims Fund, which provides funds to states for victim assistance and compensation programs that offer support and services to those affected by violent crimes.

Webinar: Short for Web-based seminar, a presentation, lecture, workshop or seminar that is transmitted over the Web. A key feature of a webinar is its interactive element—the ability to give, receive, and discuss information. A webinar is fundamentally different from a webcast, in which the data transmission is one way and does not allow interaction between the presenter and the audience.

Weed and Seed: Weed and Seed, a community-based strategy sponsored by DOJ, is an innovative, comprehensive multiagency approach to law enforcement, crime prevention, and community revitalization. Weed and Seed is foremost a strategy—rather than a grant program—that aims to prevent, control, and reduce violent crime, drug abuse, and gang activity in designated high crime neighborhoods throughout the country.