NCJ Number
137718
Journal
Journal of Criminal Justice Volume: 20 Issue: 3 Dated: (1992) Pages: 237-248
Date Published
1992
Length
12 pages
Annotation
This article outlines DNA fingerprinting as a best-case scenario and identifies some of the problems and prospects; it elaborates on some of the problems and changes expected in the near future.
Abstract
Genes in the form of DNA molecules (chromosomes) are transmitted from generation to generation. Nucleotide sequences encoded in the DNA molecule are unique to every individual, and all the cells from a person, except for red blood cells and sperms or eggs, contain identical sequences of nucleotides, which are the DNA subunits. The uniqueness of each person's DNA allows the unequivocal identification of any individual. The standard procedure used in DNA fingerprinting involves the collection of tissue samples and the cutting of DNA with restriction enzymes, the generation of two or more fragments from an original piece of DNA, the separation of fragments according to size, the chemical treatment of the double-stranded DNA fragments to unwind the double helix, and the binding of a radioactive process that generates a multitude of DNA fragments unique to each individual. The determination of match or mismatch on a DNA fingerprint involves comparison of the band positions (sizes of DNA fragments) from different DNA samples. Some current problems with DNA fingerprint involve DNA degradation, band shifting, the use of an inappropriate data base, and poor laboratory practice. Technologies and ideas that will improve the current situation are presented, and areas in need of additional basic research are identified. 30 references