ADVANCE FOR RELEASE
AT 4:30 P.M. EDT
BJS
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2001? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????202/307-0784?
FORTY-TWO PERCENT OF STATE PAROLE DISCHARGES
WERE SUCCESSFUL
WASHINGTON, D.C. ? About four in every ten
persons discharged from parole in 1999 had successfully completed their term of
supervision in the community, the Justice Department?s Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS) announced today.? The
success rate was higher among parolees who had been released from a state
prison by a parole board (54 percent) than for parolees whose release was
required by law (33 percent).? Almost
all adults on parole ? a period of conditional supervision following a prison
term ? had been convicted of a felony (97 percent).
Success rates have remained relatively stable
since 1990.? Parolees age 55 or older
(54 percent) and females (48 percent) had higher success rates than those
younger than 25 (36 percent) and males (39 percent).
Between 1990 and 1999 success rates among
black parolees increased from 33 percent to 39 percent and among Hispanic
parolees from 31 percent to 51 percent.
However, success rates for white parolees fell from 44 percent to 41
percent.? In 1999, 47 percent of persons
released to state parole were black, 35 percent were white, 16 percent were
Hispanic and 1 percent were of other races.
The number of adults under state parole
supervision at the end of 2000 totaled 652,199, up 30 percent since 1990.? The state parole population rose steadily
early in the decade (up 23 percent between 1990 and 1992) and then leveled off
(increasing by less than 1 percent per year between 1992 and 2000).? About 312 adults per 100,000 adult U.S.
residents were on state-supervised parole in 2000, compared to 271 in 1990.
During 2000 more than 441,600 men and women
were released from prison and placed on parole, which was 27 percent more than in
1990.? Thirty-five percent of those
entering parole during 1999 were drug offenders, up from 27 percent in 1990.
By the end of last year 15 states had
abolished parole board authority for releasing all offenders, and an additional
5 states had abolished parole board authority for releasing certain violent
offenders.
As a result of the move away from releases by
parole boards (discretionary parole), releases required by law (mandatory
parole) became the most common method of leaving state prisons.? Discretionary parole releases from state
prisons dropped from 39 percent of all releases in 1990 to 24 percent in 1999,
while mandatory releases increased from 29 percent to 41 percent.? Almost 18 percent of prisoners released in
1999 (up from 13 percent in 1990) had served their entire prison term and were
not subject to parole supervision.
On average, prisoners released by parole
boards in 1999 had served more time in prison and jail (35 months) than
prisoners released by mandatory parole (33 months).? Since 1990 time served has increased by 6 months on average for
prisoners released to parole and by 5 months for prisoners released
unconditionally through the expiration of their sentence.
Fifty-six percent of released prisoners had
been in prison on a prior occasion.
Twenty-seven percent had been on parole at the time of their rearrest
and return to prison.? Success rates for
prisoners being released to parole for the first time from their current
sentence were higher (63 percent) than for parolees who had violated parole in
the past (21 percent).?
In 1999 almost 200,000 parole violators were
returned to state prisons, up from 131,500 in 1990.? As a percentage of all state prison admissions, parole violators
more than doubled, going from 17 percent in 1980 to 35 percent in 1999.?
Parole violators accounted for more than half
of prison admissions in California (67 percent), Utah (55 percent) and Montana
and Louisiana (both 53 percent).
Florida and Alabama had the lowest percentages, 7 percent and 9 percent
respectively.
Seventy percent of parole violators in prison
had been arrested or convicted of a new offense while on parole.? More than one in five had absconded and one
in six had a drug-related violation.
Among prisoners expected to be released by
the end of 1999, 84 percent reported drug or alcohol involvement at the time of
their current offense.? Almost 25
percent were alcohol dependent, and 21 percent had committed their offense to
obtain money for drugs.? Fourteen
percent were determined to be mentally ill, and 12 percent were homeless at the
time of their arrest.?
The report, ?Trends in State Parole,
1990-2000" (NCJ-184735) was written by BJS statisticians Timothy A.
Hughes, Doris J. Wilson and Allen J. Beck.
After the release date these materials will be available at: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/tsp00.htm
The BJS Internet site is: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/
Additional criminal justice materials can be
obtained from the Office of Justice Programs homepage at: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov
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BJS01181
E-mail: [email protected]
After hours contact: Stu Smith at 301/983-9354