In Phase I, hair studied was from individuals of different ancestry, including cosmetic treatments (relaxer, dyes), and exposure to decomposition fluids outdoors for up to 10 months. Samples and certified standards were anonymized and randomized during sample preparation. To prevent cognitive bias from influencing interpretations, unblinding of samples only occurred after data correction and reduction were complete. Both the experimental and longer-term storage studies demonstrated 3C,15N, and 18O values had no significant offsets between frozen samples and those stored at room temperature; however, there were small systematic offsets (+2 to +3‰) in 2H values, with frozen samples being enriched in 2H compared to controls. In a minority of samples frozen for >six months, 2H offsets of >9‰ were observed, an amount that could impact the interpretation of an individual's geographic travel history. Stable isotope signatures of bioelements are utilized for geolocation of unknown human remains. Hair in particular can generate a high-temporal resolution record of recent travel history, providing critical investigative leads; however, systematic studies of law enforcement packaging materials and evidence packaging protocols are needed, including the full range of sample types and conditions anticipated in casework. The current study addressed some of these issues. (publisher abstract modified)
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