NCJ Number
176655
Date Published
1998
Length
3 pages
Annotation
This project analyzed pre-prosecution investigation reports on fatal traffic accidents in France and assessed their information potential with respect to driver behavior.
Abstract
A sample of 50 files was randomly selected from among 8,400 fatal traffic accident reports covering a 1-year period. The sample was described using content analysis, along with gradually refined theme analysis of 214 documented court hearings. Testimony came from 91 direct witnesses and 12 indirect witnesses who were on the road at the same time as the vehicle involved or who were beneficiaries. Thematic analysis according to accident type allowed the construction of witnesses and investigation typologies. It was found that police investigation reports on fatal traffic accidents aimed at accumulating physical evidence. When describing a fatal traffic accident, police officers always designated the individual presumed to be responsible as Driver A. Most of the information collected was about Driver A, and the emphasis was on driver behavior, health, occupation, and family life. Direct witnesses were questioned about facts, consequences, offenses possibly committed, and responsibilities but were rarely questioned about their own or the driver's general behavior. Conversely, indirect witnesses were frequently questioned on the driver's general behavior, especially if the driver was dead and no direct witness was available. During investigations, police officers were extremely cautious and often avoided identifying the cause of fatal traffic accidents. Information was collected on alcohol involvement and speeding from both suspects and uninvolved witnesses. Reports analyzed in the project showed evidence of a link between fatal traffic accidents and basic social problems such as alcohol and other drug consumption and working conditions. For example, some fatal traffic accidents revealed the major role played by long working hours and difficult working schedules. The author recommends efforts to prevent fatal traffic accidents should focus on drivers with specific problems.