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Police-Monitored CCTV Cameras in Newark, NJ: A Quasi-Experimental Test of Crime Deterrence

NCJ Number
306679
Journal
Journal of Experimental Criminology Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Dated: 2011 Pages: 255-74
Author(s)
Joel M. Caplan; Leslie W. Kennedy; Gohar Petrossian
Date Published
2011
Length
20 pages
Annotation

This paper describes a quasi-experimental analysis of the efficacy of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on crimes including shootings, auto thefts, and theft from autos, in Newark, New Jersey.

Abstract

 The authors present a test of the crime-deterrent effect of police-monitored street-viewing CCTV cameras using viewsheds of areas that were visible by cameras via direct line-of-sight and that were digitized using easily replicable methods, Google Maps, and standard GIS tools. The authors used a quasi-experimental research design, using camera installation sites and randomly selected control sites, in order to assess the impact of CCTV on the crimes of shootings, auto thefts, and thefts from autos in Newark, New Jersey, for 13 months before and after camera installation dates. Strategically-placed cameras were not any different from randomly-placed cameras at deterring crime within their viewsheds; there were statistically significant reductions in auto thefts within viewsheds after camera installations; also, there were significant improvements to location quotient values for shootings and auto thefts after camera installations. There was no significant displacement and there was a small diffusion of benefits, which was greater for auto thefts than shootings. The system of cameras in Newark is not as efficient as it could be at deterring certain street crimes; some camera locations are significantly more effective than others. Results of a system-wide evaluation of CCTV cameras should not be the only basis for endorsing or contesting the use of CCTV cameras for crime control or prevention within a city. Future research should test whether the effectiveness of CCTV cameras is dependent upon the micro-level attributes of environments within which they are installed. Publisher Abstract Provided