NCJ Number
195013
Date Published
October 2001
Length
23 pages
Annotation
This paper examines the effects of maltreatment on early brain development.
Abstract
Brain development, or learning, is the process of creating, strengthening, and discarding connections among neurons; these connections are called synapses. They organize the brain by forming neuronal pathways that connect the parts of the brain governing literally everything a human being does, from breathing and sleeping to thinking and feeling. The process of creating, strengthening, and discarding synapses and neuronal pathways in response to the environment is called "plasticity" and is the reason that environment plays a vital role in brain development. The article contains a detailed look at the effects on brain development from malnutrition, chronic stress, persistent fear, disrupted attachment, neglect, lack of stimulation, and "global neglect" (i.e., deprivations in more than one domain). Implications of brain research for practice and policy are relevant to the work of the child welfare system, professionals who work with maltreated children, and caregivers. Exhibits, references