One of the questions addressed in the Phase Two evaluation is what the extant literature indicates about the current status of and motivation toward "results-oriented" government programs. A second question considered the extent to which LLEBG grantees are using their funds to support "results-oriented" programs. Two other evaluation questions focused on the nature and effectiveness of such "results-oriented" programs in a variety of sites and the forces that led those sites to adopt such programs. A review of the relevant literature found that many nations are focusing on performance, replacing the centrality of bureaucracy, rules, and regulation. An e-mail survey sent to all 3,111 fiscal year 2001 LLEBG grantees asked whether the recipients were using LLEBG funds to support 1 or more "results-oriented" programs, which were defined as having stated goals and qualitative or quantitative performance measures that can be used to determine if the goals are being met. Almost one-fourth of the LLEBG grantees reported using grant funds to support "results-oriented" programs; almost three-fourths of the grantees who received $1 million or more used grant funds to support "results-oriented" programs. Because LLEBG grantees were not required, as in some grant programs, to show specific results, this finding indicates that, at least among the largest jurisdictions, there is a "quiet revolution" that emphasizes the importance of producing intended results from investments. The forces behind this revolution in the 22 jurisdictions visited for this evaluation show wide variation. 4 exhibits and 64 references
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