NCJ Number
108149
Date Published
1987
Length
61 pages
Annotation
This literature review summarizes the history of inmate classification, the distinctive characteristics of classification in jail settings, and issues involved in the implementation of objective jail classification systems.
Abstract
The analysis focuses only on management of inmates who have failed to secure immediate pretrial release. Classification is commonly viewed as a valuable management tool, but its application in jails is currently limited. In addition, few studies have carefully examined the process and impacts of jail classification. Most jail classification is in a primitive state. The lack of timely and verified data, the rapid turnover in population, and an emphasis on the personal deficiencies in criminals result in classification actions that are characterized by subjective assessment and judgments, which vary both over time and by staff member. In all but the larger jails, inmates are separated only into basic classification categories: male and female, adult and juvenile, low bond and high bond, and pretrial and sentenced. Inmate needs assessment and services are also minimal in most jurisdictions. Efforts to use legalistic factors and standardized forms in classification have not helped, because of the lack of the information needed and the complexity and low predictive ability of the criteria used. Overcrowding and facility design for multiple housing alternatives further hamper classification. However, both effective management and potential litigation argue for improved classification. List of requirements for successful implementation of an objective classification system, forms, figures, chart, and 41 references.