Using Causal Forests To Predict Treatment Heterogeneity: An Application to Summer Jobs

This article presents a step-by-step explanation for applied researchers regarding how the algorithm predicts treatment effects based on observables. It then explores how useful the predicted heterogeneity is in practice by testing whether youth with larger predicted treatment effects actually respond more in a hold-out sample. The application highlights some limitations of the causal forest, but it also suggests that the method can identify treatment heterogeneity for some outcomes that more standard interaction approaches would have missed. (Publisher abstract modified)