How many deaths have occurred as a result of law enforcement's use of pepper spray?

A study of deaths from the use of oleoresin capsicum ("pepper spray") was conducted with grant money supplied by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). The publication, Deaths in Police Confrontations When Oleoresin Capsicum is Used, discusses fatal incidents in which law enforcement officers use oleoresin capsicum to control a subject. Additionally, The Effectiveness and Safety of Pepper Spray, another resource from NIJ, presents the findings from two NIJ-funded studies testing the safety and effectiveness of pepper spray.