Using propensity score matching, inmates who earned a Specter vocational certificate had statistically significantly lower rates of recidivism within 3 years of release from prison when compared with inmates who had not earned a certificate; however, those who earned a Specter certificate did not have statistically significant improvements in postrelease employment within 3 months of release. This article discusses the possibilities for conflicting findings regarding employment and recidivism, as well as potential avenues for future research. (Publisher abstract modified)
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