The body of the habitual heroin user adjusts biochemically so that ceasing use produces painful physical symptoms. Addicts have cycles of compulsive use, moderation, and abstinence. Addicts commit approximately 6 times as many crimes in periods of compulsive use than when abstinent or when using the drug moderately. Legalization has been recommended to reduce the impact of heroin addiction on society. Uncertainties about the consequences and prevalence of heroin use under such a policy make it unpopular. The recommendation for increased law enforcement focuses on preventing sales, importation, and opium cultivation. The proposed ''two-market' approach would legalize supplying heroin to existing addicts but make it illegal for the rest of the population. The British have used this system, and it presents major control problems that have caused the British to shift to a methadone maintenance program. Methadone maintenance for addicts blocks heroin withdrawal and prevents heroin use from becoming compulsive; its effects last four times longer than those of heroin. 5 references.
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