NCJ Number
240750
Journal
Bioterrorism & Biodefense Volume: 3 Issue: 3 Dated: 2012 Pages: 1-4
Date Published
2012
Length
4 pages
Annotation
Cone snails are predatory marine animals that kill their prey with powerful venom.
Abstract
Conotoxins are a pharmacologically and chemically diverse group of toxins found in the venom. A number of species of cone snails, such as Conus geographus, are deadly to humans. Conotoxins affect numerous neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels in the body. The receptors impacted include nicotinic, adrenergic, NMDA, and serotonergic. Ion channels altered include sodium, potassium and calcium. The most lethal effect of conotoxins to humans is muscle paralysis of the diaphragm causing respiratory arrest. Numerous conotoxins are being used as research tools or being explored as therapeutic drugs. Concerns in the homeland security field exist that certain conotoxins could be weaponized and used as an aerosol. Conotoxins at risk of terrorist use include a-conotoxins, k-conotoxins and o-conotoxins. Most conotoxins are not a bioterrorism threat. (Published Abstract)