Lawful use of force

Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum (O.C.) Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: Impact on Injuries to Officers and Suspects, Final Activity Report

NCJ Number

184934

Date Published

2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

PDF (Final Activity Report) | PDF (Summary of Research Findings)

Responding to the Problem Police Officer: A National Study of Early Warning Systems, Final Report

NCJ Number

184510

Date Published

August 2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

PDF

Analysis of Police Use-of-Force Data

NCJ Number

183648

Date Published

January 1998

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

PDF

Pepper Spray: A Safe and Reasonable Response to Suspect Verbal Resistance

NCJ Number

183574

Journal

Policing

Date Published

2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Influence of Organizational Climate on Detention Officers' Readiness to Use Force in a County Jail

NCJ Number

183480

Journal

Criminal Justice Review

Date Published

1999

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Determinants of Citizen Complaints Against Police Abuse of Power

NCJ Number

183359

Journal

Journal of Criminal Justice

Date Published

2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Police Attitudes Toward Abuse of Authority: Findings From a National Study, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

181312

Date Published

June 2000

Agencies

NIJ

PDF | Text

Cruelty in Control? The Stun Belt and Other Electro-Shock Equipment in Law Enforcement

NCJ Number

180509

Date Published

1999

PDF

Investigation of Officer-Involved Shootings

NCJ Number

181408

Date Published

August 1999

PDF

Use of Force by Police: Overview of National and Local Data

NCJ Number

176330

Date Published

October 1999

Agencies

NIJ

PDF | Text

Americans' Views on Crime and Law Enforcement: A Look at Recent Survey Findings (From Measuring What Matters: Proceedings From the Policing Research Institute Meetings, P 133-140, 1999, Robert H. Langworthy, ed. -- See NCJ-170610)

NCJ Number

179861

Date Published

1999

PDF

Noble Cause Corruption and Police Ethic

NCJ Number

178331

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1999

PDF

Safety and Control in a County Jail: Nonlethal Weapons and the Use of Force

NCJ Number

180316

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

PDF

Reluctance To Use Deadly Force: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

NCJ Number

179726

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1999

HTML

Investigative Detention: Constitutional Constraints on Police Use of Force

NCJ Number

173011

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1996

HTML

Officer Behavior in Police-Citizen Encounters: A Descriptive Model and Implications for Less-Than-Lethal Alternatives

NCJ Number

171050

Date Published

September 1996

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Police Use of Nondeadly Force To Arrest

NCJ Number

170776

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1997

HTML

Police Pursuits and the Use of Force: Recognizing and Managing "The Pucker Factor"; A Research Note

NCJ Number

170416

Journal

Justice Quarterly

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Police Use of Force: Collection of National Data

NCJ Number

165040

Date Published

November 1997

Agencies

BJS

PDF | Text

National Survey of Pursuits and the Use of Police Force: Data From Law Enforcement Agencies

NCJ Number

170274

Journal

Journal of Criminal Justice

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Toward the Uniform Reporting of Police Use of Force: Results of a National Survey

NCJ Number

167542

Journal

Criminal Justice Review

Date Published

1995

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

HTML

Integrated Use-of-Force Training Program

NCJ Number

167070

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1996

HTML

Evaluation of Pepper Spray, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

162358

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ

PDF | Text

Controlling Subjects: Realistic Training vs. Magic Bullets

NCJ Number

165227

Journal

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Date Published

1997

HTML

Understanding the Use of Force by and Against the Police, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

158614

Date Published

November 1996

Agencies

NIJ

PDF | Text