NCJ Number
130237
Date Published
1991
Length
48 pages
Annotation
This chapter discusses the definition, extent, and varieties of criminal activity.
Abstract
In this chapter "crime" is defined as "conduct, prohibited by a legislature, to which such penalties as fine and imprisonment are attached." Under such a definition, crime is not an absolute reality but rather varies from time to time and place to place. A section on the nature of crime identifies what is distinctive about crime and the distinction between torts and crimes. A major section on how the law defines crimes addresses the element of criminal intent or state of mind as a crucial element in determining the criminality of behavior. Absolute liability, i.e., guilt determined by actions and their effects without regard to state of mind or intent, is also discussed. A section on the extent of crime outlines the reasons for measuring crime rates and describes the U.S. system for measuring crime. A discussion of crime victims notes the disproportionate number and severity of crimes committed against blacks and considers the extent and effects of victim intimidation. A major section on the characteristics of and response to varieties of criminal activity covers violent crime, street crime, white-collar crime, "victimless" crimes, and organized crime. Relevant court cases and questions are presented to illustrate concepts and foster discussion. 13 recommended readings