NCJ Number
92138
Journal
Canadian Journal of Criminology Volume: 25 Issue: 4 Dated: (October 1983) Pages: 391-398
Date Published
1983
Length
8 pages
Annotation
This model for community crime prevention program planning defines the concept in terms of developmental stages of criminal behavior and victimization, programming differences in various strategies, and whether efforts are focused on the perpetrator or the victim.
Abstract
A major weakness in models for crime prevention planning proposed by Lejins and Brantingham Faust is failure to consider the victim's role. This model has five levels of crime prevention defined by their goals and degree of entry into the justice system. Level 0's aim is to enhance general physical and social well-being and includes mental health care, income security, and recreational programs. Level I's objective is reducing the probability of victimization through modifications in the social and physical environment and education. Neighborhood watch and target hardening activities are examples. Level II proposes to identify high risk factors which precipitate criminal acts and individuals or groups who have higher probabilities of committing crimes or becoming victims. Such programs would include counseling for problem behavior youths and rape prevention education. Level III focuses on first or minor offenders, seeking to divert them from further entry into the criminal justice system and assist the victim as much as possible. Diversion and victim restitution are examples. The aim of Level IV is to control crime and prevent recidivism and involves the traditional administration of justice. The model's matrix shows two distinct targets for intervention: altering individual or group behavior and protecting society by reducing opportunities for crime. Practitioners in British Columbia, Canada have used the model to clarify the concept of crime prevention and help communities develop prevention programs. A chart and six references are included.