NCJ Number
238474
Date Published
February 2010
Length
67 pages
Annotation
This literature review was conducted to determine what is currently known about non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior and what gaps exist, so as to inform future research and intervention strategies in Canada's Federal institutions.
Abstract
NSSI is defined as "any type of direct bodily harm or disfigurement that is deliberately inflicted on oneself that is not considered to be socially acceptable, such as cutting, head banging, hair pulling, and ligature use." The study concludes that the current literature lacks large-scale, empirical research with incarcerated populations that adequately assess NSSI. Research on NSSI within Canada's Federal institutions could lead to an improvement in the safety of inmates and staff, as well as the treatment, management, and prevention of NSSI in Federal correctional facilities. Research is needed to determine the prevalence of NSSI, to establish a classification system that can be used with incarcerated populations, and determine the effect, if any, of institutionalization on NSSI. Most importantly, an increased understanding of the development and maintenance of NSSI is necessary for the development of appropriate strategies to manage this behavior, including efforts to reduce and prevent its occurrence. Research is currently underway within the Correctional Service of Canada. It is difficult to determine an accurate prevalence rate of participation in NSSI. The best estimate of prevalence rate for the general adult population is 4 percent. Prevalence rates of NSSI while incarcerated in the general population of correctional institutions range from 1 to 5 percent. Rates for women offenders are likely higher, with best estimates being approximately 23 percent. Offenders with mental health issues have increased rates that may be as high as 53 percent. 2 figures and approximately 200 references