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Supportive and structured teaching predicts classroom engagement in urban public schools serving predominantly black students

NCJ Number
311258
Journal
International Journal of School & Educational Psychology Volume: 13 Dated: 2025 Pages: 141-155
Author(s)
Elizabeth Mcintyre; Kelly O'Connor; Courtney Baker; Stacy Overstreet
Date Published
March 2025
Length
15 pages
Abstract

Teacher behaviors can reflect trauma-sensitive principles through supportive and structured teaching, which involves integrating teacher responsivity with consistent, fair practices. However, students and teachers in racially- and economically-marginalized communities are underrepresented in prior research examining the impact of supportive and structured teaching on students’ classroom behavior. This study assessed the association of beginning-of-the-year supportive and structured teaching with mid-year classroom engagement using observations completed in 137 K-8 classrooms in four New Orleans public charter schools with majority Black (<90%) student populations. Teachers represented a racially diverse sample (51% Caucasian or White, 43% Black or African American) and grade levels (52% elementary, 48% middle school), with most teachers (67%) considered early career educators. Structural equation modeling evaluated the proposed latent structural regression model for the hypothesis that a higher order factor representing beginning-of-the-year supportive and structured teaching would positively predict mid-year classroom engagement. Results demonstrated a significant association across levels of teacher experience as well as grade levels (β = .42, p < .01). Through balancing teacher responsivity with consistent expectations, supportive and structured teaching can be a trauma-sensitive mechanism for schools to provide social support while facilitating factors that promote students’ academic achievement, such as engagement.

(Publisher abstract provided.)